Manuscript
Spoken Language Production: A Psycholinguistic Approach
Language production is logically divided into three major steps: deciding what toexpress (conceptualization), determining how to express it (formulation), and expressing it(articulation). Although achieving goals in conversation, structuring narratives, and modulatingthe ebb and flow of dialogue are inherently important to understanding how people speak,psycholinguistic studies of language production have primarily focused on the formulation ofsingle, isolated utterances. An utterance consists of one or more words, spoken together under asingle intentional contour or expressing a single idea. The simplest meaningful utteranceconsists of a single word. Generating a word begins with specifying its semantic and pragmaticproperties-that is, a speaker decides upon an intention or some content to express (e.g., a desiredoutcome or an observation) and encodes the situational constraints on how the content may beexpressed. The next major stage is formulation, which in turn is divided into a word selectionstage and a sound processing stage. Sound processing, in contrast, involves constructing thephonological form of a selected word by retrieving its individual sounds and organizing theminto stressed and unstressed syllables and then specifying the motor programs to realize thosesyllables. The final process is articulation-that is, the execution of motor programs to pronouncethe sounds of a word.
No copy data
No other version available